“Why
do many galaxies appear as spirals? A striking example is M101, shown
above, whose relatively close distance of about 27 million light years
allows it to be studied in some detail. Recent evidence indicates that a
close gravitational interaction with a neighboring galaxy created
waves of high mass and condensed gas which continue to orbit the galaxy
center.
Click image for larger size.
These
waves compress existing gas and cause star formation. One result is
that M101, also called the Pinwheel Galaxy, has several extremely bright
star-forming regions (called HII regions) spread across its spiral
arms. M101 is so large that its immense gravity distorts smaller nearby
galaxies.”