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Transfer of radionuclides from sea to atmosphere and land.
Majia made this comment on Enenews relating to the Fukushima symposium in New York:
Ken Buesseler was specifically asked this question at the Symposium during the question-and-answer session and he said cesium could not evaporate from the ocean.
However, other isotopes can move from ocean to the atmosphere through evaporation so it would be interesting to FACT CHECK his claim that cesium DOES NOT evaporate from the ocean.
Buesseler lied. But perhaps not technically. The process in which radionuclides in the ocean enter the atmosphere is called sea salt aerosol production.
In the book “Sea Salt Aerosol Production” by Lewis and Schwartz, the authors state:
Sea salt aerosol (SSA) particles are formed predominantly by the action of wind on the ocean. The wind stress on the ocean surface forms waves, some of which break and entrain air to various depths. The bubbles thus formed rise to the surface, creating whitecaps, and burst, injecting seawater drops into the atmosphere. Seawater drops are also produced from bubbles produced by other mechanisms… Additionally, under sufficiently strong winds, drops are torn directly off wave crests…
Once produced, some of the drops, depending on their size and on meteorological conditions (primarily wind speed), are entrained upward by turbulent eddies – small parcels of air with fluctuating vertical velocity components which characterize the small-scale motion of the marine atmosphere – and by large-scale convection, while others fall back into the sea…
Many investigations have dealt with the influence of SSA on the formation and microphysical properties of fog and rain and its role as an important component of cloud condensation nuclei. Sea salt aerosol is a primary contributor to the ocean-atmosphere fluxes of organic substances, electric charge, radioactivity, microorganisms and viruses, and pollen.
So all sorts of substances in the ocean are entrained upwards in drops, and some of them become condensation nuclei for rainfall, which then moves over the continent. These include radioactive substances, but also cyanobacteria and fungi, which are already destroying Hawaii’s coral reefs, and the deadly cyanotoxins and mycotoxins that these organisms secrete.
This article describes the situation in the Irish Sea off Sellafield:
Sea-to-land transfer has been observed and reported near the British Nuclear Fuels plc Sellafield Works, Cumbria, England, the Dounreay Nuclear Power Development Establishment, Caithness, Scotland and the reprocessing works at Cap de la Hague, Normandy, France. In Cumbria, where the effect has been most fully investigated, plutonium, americium and radiocaesium discharged to the Irish Sea from Sellafield have been observed many kilometres inland.
So plutonium, americium, and yes, cesium are found in sea spray which migrate 20 kilometers inland. This is bad news for people who live near the Pacific coast.
This will go on basically forever, considering the long half-lives of some of the plutonium and uranium nuclides. The contaminated water will eventually spread to other oceans. Already cesium has been found in North Atlantic fish, due to deposition from the atmosphere.
Tritium and carbon-14 are the most likely isotopes to re-enter land. Tritium is simply radioactive water and is evaporated. These two nuclides are the most harmful to plant life.
Just another tidbit of deception exposed from Helen Caldicott’s orchestrated Fukushima cover-up in New York.
Read more here http://optimalprediction.com/wp/
2013-04-02 03:00:07
Source: http://optimalprediction.com/wp/transfer-of-radionuclides-from-sea-to-atmosphere-and-land/
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