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China’s historical belief of greatness was logical in light of the fact that they were a preeminent power for a few hundred years. Long ago the Chinese invented things like gunpowder, money and paper and in the 15th century their navy was second to none. Aside from their naval prowess, their economy was also huge.
Buoyed by their economic success, the Chinese had little use for foreigners. Those who did not come from China were seen as second class citizens whose culture and inventions had little value. Consequently they treated foreign dignitaries as little more than bothersome serfs who did not merit equality and Chinese consideration.
One of the ways they exhibited this scorn was by exacting tributes in order to come to the “center country” or China. Interestingly enough, little has changed since then. China’s economic rise has compelled them to once again see us as unworthy and in some way inferior.
In Macartney’s time as in today, the world seems to agree with China. Based on the collective reaction of the most countries, our kowtowing to Beijing proves that we Read more…