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“Why does this galaxy spin so fast? To start, even identifying which type of galaxy UGC 12591 is difficult- it has dark dust lanes like a spiral galaxy but a large diffuse bulge of stars like a lenticular. Surprisingly observations show that UGC 12591 spins at about 480 km/sec, almost twice as fast as our Milky Way, and the fastest rotation rate yet measured.

The mass needed to hold together a galaxy spinning this fast is several times the mass of our Milky Way Galaxy. Progenitor scenarios for UGC 12591 include slow growth by accreting ambient matter, or rapid growth through a recent galaxy collision or collisions- future observations may tell. The light we see today from UGC 12591 left about 400 million years ago, when trees were first developing on Earth.”

- https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html