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Algebraic universality and the value of Kähler coupling strength

Thursday, September 17, 2015 23:10

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With the development of the vision about number theoretically universal view about functional integration in WCW , a concrete vision about the exponent of Kähler action in Euclidian and Minkowskian space-time regions. The basic requirement is that exponent of Kähler action belongs to an algebraic extension of rationals and therefore to that of p-adic numbers and does not depend on the ordinary p-adic numbers at all – this at least for sufficiently large primes p. Functional integral would reduce in Euclidian regions to a sum over maxima since the troublesome Gaussian determinants that could spoil number theoretic universality are cancelled by the metric determinant for WCW.

The adelically exceptional properties of Neper number e, Kähler metric of WCW, and strong form of holography posing extremely strong constraints on preferred extremals, could make this possible. In Minkowskian regions the exponent of imaginary Kähler action would be root of unity. In Euclidian space-time regions expressible as power of some root of e which is is unique in sense that e^p is ordinary p-adic number so that e is p-adically an algebraic number – p:th root of e^p.

These conditions give conditions on Kähler coupling strength α_K= g_K²/4π (hbar=1)) identifiable as an analog of critical temperature. Quantum criticality of TGD would thus make possible number theoretical universality (or vice versa).

In Euclidian regions the natural starting point is CP₂ vacuum extremal for which the maximum value of Kähler action is

S_K= π²/2g_K²= π/8α_K .

The condition reads S_K=q =m/n if one allows roots of e in the extension. If one requires minimal extension of involving only e and its powers one would have S_K=n. One obtains

1/α_K= 8q/π ,

where the rational q=m/n can also reduce to integer. One cannot exclude the possibiity that q depends on the algebraic extension of rationals defining the adele in question.

For CP₂ type extremals the value of p-adic prime should be larger than p_min=53. One can consider a situation in which large number of CP₂ type vacuum extremals contribute and in this case the condition would be more stringent. The condition that the action for CP₂ extremal is smaller than 2 gives

1/α_K≤ 16/π ≈ 5.09 .

It seems there is lower bound for the p-adic prime assignable to a given space-time surface inside CD suggesting that p-adic prime is larger than 53× N, where N is particle number.

This bound has not practical significance. In condensed matter particle number is proportional to (L/a)³ – the volume divided by atomic volume. On basis p-adic mass calculations p-adic prime can be estimated to be of order (L/R)². Here a is atomic size of about 10 Angstroms and R CP₂ “radius. Using R≈ 10⁴ L_Planck this gives as upper bound for the size L of condensed matter blob a completely super-astronomical distance L≤ a³/R² ∼ 10²⁵ ly to be compared with the distance of about 10¹⁰ ly travelled by light during the lifetime of the Universe. For a blackhole of radius r_S= 2GM with p∼ (2GM/R)² and consisting of particles with mass above M≈ hbar/R one would obtain the rough estimate M>(27/2)× 10^-12m_Planck ∼ 13.5× 10³ TeV trivially satisfied.

The physically motivated expectation from earlier arguments – not necessarily consistent with the recent ones – is that the value α_K is quite near to fine structure constant at electron length scale: α_K≈ α_em≈ 137.035999074(44).

The latter condition gives n=54=2× 3³ and 1/α_K≈ 137.51. The deviation from the fine structure constant is Δ α/α= 3× 10^-3 — .3 per cent. For n=53 one obtains 1/α_K= 134.96 with error of 1.5 per cent. For n=55 one obtains 1/α_K= 150.06 with error of 2.2 per cent. Is the relatively good prediction could be a mere accident or there is something deeper involved?

What about Minkowskian regions? It is difficult to say anything definite. For cosmic string like objects the action is non-vanishing but proportional to the area A of the string like object and the conditions would give quantization of the area. The area of geodesic sphere of CP₂ is proportional to π. If the value of g_K is same for Minkowskian and Euclidian regions, g_K²∝ π² implies S_K ∝ A/R²π so that A/R²∝ π² is required.

This approach leads to different algebraic structure of α_K than the earlier arguments.

α_K is rational multiple of π so that g_K² is proportional to π². At the level of quantum TGD the theory is completely integrable by the definition of WCW integration(!) and there are no radiative corrections in WCW integration. Hence α_K does not appear in vertices and therefore does not produce any problems in p-adic sectors.
This approach is consistent with the proposed formula relating gravitational constant and p-adic length scale. G/L_p² for p=M₁₂₇ would be rational power of e now and number theoretically universally. A good guess is that G does not depend on p. As found this could be achieved also if the volume of CP₂ type extremal depends on p so that the formula holds for all primes. α_K could also depend on algebraic extension of rationals to guarantee the independence of G on p. Note that preferred p-adic primes correspond to ramified primes of the extension so that extensions are labelled by collections of ramified primes, and the ramimified prime corresponding to gravitonic space-time sheets should appear in the formula for G/L_p².
Also the speculative scenario for coupling constant evolution could remain as such. Could the p-adic coupling constant evolution for the gauge coupling strengths be due to the breaking of number theoretical universality bringing in dependence on p? This would require mapping of p-adic coupling strength to their real counterparts and the variant of canonical identification used is not unique.
A more attractive possibility is that coupling constants are algebraically universal (no dependence on number field). Even the value of α_K, although number theoretically universal, could depend on the algebraic extension of rationals defining the adele. In this case coupling constant evolution would reflect the evolution assignable to the increasing complexity of algebraic extension of rationals. The dependence of coupling constants on p-adic prime would be induced by the fact that so called ramified primes are physically favored and characterize the algebraic extension of rationals used.
One must also remember that the running coupling constants are associated with QFT limit of TGD obtained by lumping the sheets of many-sheeted space-time to single region of Minkowski space. Coupling constant evolution would emerge at this limit. Whether this evolution reflects number theoretical evolution as function of algebraic extension of rationals, is an interesting question.