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Figure 1. The skull of Bunostegos with color added for clarity. Images from Tsuji et al. 2013.
Bunostegos akokanensis (Sidor et al. 2003, Tsuji et al. 2013; Late Permian, 1.5m; MNN-MOR47, Fig. 1) is a large pareiasaur nesting close to small Elginia (Newton 1893) in the large reptile tree (640 taxa), closer to turtles than most other pareiasaurs. Analysis of the limb bones suggested a more upright stance than is typical for pareiasaurs and turtles. It lived in a desert environment. The specimen is known from parts of several specimens.
Figure 2. Elginia and Meiolania, a pre-turtle and a basal turtle, both with supratemporal and other horns, as in the outgroup pareiasaur, Bunostegos.
References
Newton ET 1893. On some new reptiles from the Elgin Sandstone: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B 184:473-489.
Sidor CA, Blackburn DC and Gado B 2003. The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Permian of Niger — II, Preliminary description of a new pareiasaur. Palaeontologica Africana 39: 45–52.
Tsuji LA, Sidor CA, Steyer JSB, Smith RMH, Tabor NJ and Ide O 2013. The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Permian of Niger—VII. Cranial anatomy and relationships of Bunostegos akokanensis (Pareiasauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (4): 747. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.739537