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Recent headlines, as well as President Obama’s State of the Union address, asserted that 2015 was the hottest year on record—1.7 degrees higher than the 135-year average. However, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which released the findings, had to manipulate its raw temperature data to come up with that result.
Now a new paper is explaining why NOAA’s conclusions are too hot.
Let me lay a little groundwork. There are three basic ways that climate scientists determine global temperatures: ground-based weather stations, weather balloons, and satellites.
The temperature data collected by these three sources must be adjusted to compensate for various factors and anomalies.
For example, the ground-based stations used to depend on regular thermometers. Those have been replaced with more sensitive digital thermometers. How does a scientist, trying to maintain data continuity, adjust for that change?