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High Dune and Namib Dune in Gale Crater, Mars began as shoals (sandbars) in a lake. After the lake dried up, the shoals became sand dunes. See also:
1. ”The origin of sand dunes is very complex, but there are three essential prerequisites: (1) An abundant supply of loose sand in a region generally devoid of vegetation (such as an ancient lake bed or river delta); (2) a wind energy source sufficient to move the sand grains; and (3) a topography whereby the sand particles lose their momentum and settle out.” (quoted from
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0704.htm#Origin )