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Sleep apnea, sleep disordered breathing (SBD), has been linked to an increased stroke risk. Sleep disordered breathing is a condition characterized by a group of disorders, which involve abnormal respiratory patterns or insufficient ventilation during sleep.
Apnea is a condition where breathing is halted for roughly 10 seconds or more and the person becomes wakes up to catch their breath.
Hypopnea is where breathing becomes shallow and is associated with oxygen desaturation or arousal.
In both cases sleep patterns are disrupted, leaving the individual feeling tired in the morning and can put excessive strain on the nervous system and other organs.
There are three main types of sleep disordered breathing: obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea and mixed sleep apnea.
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the upper airway closes either partially or fully, but breathing attempts to continue. Causes of obstructive sleep apnea include lack of muscle tone during sleep, excessive tissue in the upper airways and the structure of the upper airway and jaw.