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Around 3.5 billion years ago Martians built concrete pavements by the Yellowknife Bay in Gale Crater (note 1). Before Martians died out around 3 billion years ago, the concrete pavements and dead organisms were weathered. Both disintegrated into small particles and mixed together to form mudstones. Mars rover Curiosity’s SAM has analyzed Martian dust and mudstone for eight times now. Results show the samples contain CO2 that originated from carbonate/organics (note 2). Carbonate (note 3) is the chief constituent of limestone, Portland cement and concrete pavements. Organics are from life, past or present.
Note 1: evidenced in previous post http://wretchfossil.blogspot.tw/2012/12/martians-constructed-these-concrete.html
Note 2: “Mahaffy noted that the CO2 peak could have been caused either by the oxidation of carbon compounds or from carbonates.” Source: http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?s=&showtopic=7534&view=findpost&p=199040
Academic source: http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2013/pdf/2095.pdf
More CO2 findings: http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/images/?ImageID=5125
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/images/?ImageID=5200
Note 3: Wikipedia article on carbonate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate
Read more at http://wretchfossil.blogspot.tw